Paper& Pulp Equipment

Cellulose fibers must be subjected to mechanical treatmenet before they can be made into paper. This treatment may be applied in a number of different ways, but it ordinarily includes a bruising, rubbing, or crushing action on the fibers. Certain pulps will develop some strength by simply agitating at high speeds with a stirrer, but most pulps require a more vigorous action. Beating is probably the most fundamentally important process in papermaking. Paper made from unbeaten stock is low instrength, fluffy, porous, and unfit for most use, whereas paper made from beaten stock is strong, dense, and hard in texture. Well-beaten fibers can be readily formed into a uniform sheet of paper of quite high density, whereas unbeaten fibers can not. So the old maxim, "Paper is made in the beater", is still as basically true today as it was over two hundred years ago. It is now believed that no major chemical changes in the fiber occur during beating, since the X-ray diffra

Paper is made from the processed stock on a papermaking machine . Ordinarily there are two kinds of machines used for making paper. The fourdrinier invented by Louis Robert in France in 1799 and commercialized in England in 1804; and the cylinder machine invented by John Dickinson of Germantown Pennsylvania in 1809. The fourdrinier section of papermaking machine is a framework, fabricated from steel, cald with a corrosion-resistant covering( usually stainless steel). This framework supports the wire, table rolls, stock save-all, suction boxes, and other fourdrinier parts.  The most important part of the fourdrinier is the wire, of finely woven metal cloth which allows drainage, but retains fiber. Fundamentally, its action may be described as follows: as the stock emerges from the slice the shorter fibers, filler, and other additives are deposited; the drainage and filtration by the fourdrinier wire leave the sheet as a uniform, homogeneous mass; strength in both the machine and cr